im just going to show you some of the US laws (will come back to why US) regarding animals, non human.
the reason for US laws is, along with the UK (both of which I have thoroughly been through before) they are the highest in the world. so you're about to see the welfare regulations which are the 'best' in the world, and as they are the US they are directly applicable to many members of this forum, who are from the US.
- this is just a snippet. i have compiled in alot of detail the UK laws, and this is only as i say a snippet of the US'. all taken from the USDA directly.
to start:
Animal means any live or dead dog, cat, nonhuman primate, guinea
pig, hamster, rabbit, or any other warmblooded animal, which is being
used, or is intended for use for research, teaching, testing,
experimentation, or exhibition purposes, or as a pet. This term
excludes: Birds, rats of the genus Rattus and mice of the genus Mus bred
for use in research, and horses not used for research purposes and other
farm animals, such as, but not limited to livestock or poultry, used or
intended for use as food or fiber, or livestock or poultry used or
intended for use for improving animal nutrition, breeding, management,
or production efficiency, or for improving the quality of food or fiber.
With respect to a dog, the term means all dogs, including those used for
hunting, security, or breeding purposes.
what this effectively means is that a welfare act protecting animals from this or that, neednt protect the vast majority of animals which are in need of that protection, namely: livestock. this is akin to saying, 'all humans have protection from a, b, c. However, manual laborours are not 'humans' , they are...' and as such the later group will be under a separate (as is the case with non human animals) act which allows treatment which otherwise they would be protected from, ie mutations without anaesthetic, starvation to increase yield (egg farming) and so on.
Deprivation of food or water shall not be used to train, work,
or otherwise handle animals; Provided, however, That the short-term
withholding of food or water from animals by exhibitors is allowed by
these regulations as long as each of the animals affected receives its
full dietary and nutrition requirements each day.
this is somewhat similar to the slaughter regulations which state, all slaughter must comply with x y z, except ritual (religious) slaughter which is allowed to get away with not stunning them, because the practice of ancient mythology is more important than the welfare of living creatures.
Young or immature animals shall not be exposed to rough or
excessive public handling or exhibited for periods of time which would
be detrimental to their health or well-being.
nothing specific. they could have put a full stop after 'exhibited'. presumably young animals can be exposed to 'rough or excessive public handling' for a certain period of time.
Subpart F--Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and
Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits,
Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals
Sec. 3.128 Space requirements.
Enclosures shall be constructed and maintained so as to provide
sufficient space to allow each animal to make normal postural and social
adjustments with adequate freedom of movement. Inadequate space may be
indicated by evidence of malnutrition, poor condition, debility, stress,
or abnormal behavior patterns.
the space requirements is strange to me. for example , sow gestation crates are perfectly legal in the US in all but two states. i could easily reference any number of animal rights sites for to show you what they are but in the interest of non bias this is the wiki article:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestation_cratesadditionally battery cages for egg laying hens are also legal in (i believe all of) the US.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_cages#Animal_welfarehaving worked with pigs and lived with chickens (roaming around the place i was living) , i can tell you these two confinemtns do NOT comply even remotely with the states regulations. which makes you wonder just how seriously these regulations should be taken at all.
i cant even imagine what it would do to you mentally to be trapped in a space like a gestation crate or battery cage for months on end. im a human so i ant presume to know, however it's been shown that non human animals in captivity do show signs of madness and boredom. not to mention physically.
the following regulation is long so im picking relevant bits
Subpart F--Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and
Transportation of Warmblooded Animals Other Than Dogs, Cats, Rabbits,
Hamsters, Guinea Pigs, Nonhuman Primates, and Marine Mammals
When transported
by air, live animals shall be visually observed by the carrier as
frequently as circumstances may dictate, but not less than once every 4
hours, if the animal cargo space is accessible during flight. If the
animal cargo space is not accessible during flight, the carrier shall
visually observe the live animals whenever loaded and unloaded and
whenever the animal cargo space is otherwise accessible to assure that
they are receiving sufficient air for normal breathing, their ambient
temperatures are within the prescribed limits, all other applicable
standards are being complied with and to determine whether any such live
animals are in obvious physical distress.
(they can be loaded onto a plane and , legally, not be checked until unloading. during truck transportation they have to be checked at least once every 4 hours)
-for the same group of animals:
All live animals shall be offered potable water within 4 hours
prior to being transported in commerce. Dealers, exhibitors, research
facilities and operators of auction sales shall provide potable water to
all live animals transported in their own primary conveyance at least
every 12 hours after such transportation is initiated, and carriers and
intermediate handlers shall provide potable water to all live animals at
least every 12 hours after acceptance for transportation in commerce: Provided, however, That except as directed by hibernation, veterinary
treatment or other professionally accepted practices, those live animals
which, by common accepted practices, require watering more frequently shall be so watered.
water must be offered at least every TWELVE hours, after a possible 4 hour break prior to transit beginning. animals in transit can then, in any weather conditions be denied water for 16 hours legally
Each live animal shall be fed at least once in each 24 hour
period, except as directed by hibernation, veterinary treatment, normal
fasts, or other professionally accepted practices. Those live animals
which, by common accepted practice, require feeding more frequently
shall be so fed.
each animal must be fed at least, only ONCE in a 24 hour period. pure carnivores such as cats may be suited to eating once in 24hrs, or indeed longer, but grazing animals such as livestock, the vast majority which are subject to this transportation must only be fed ONCE in 24 hrs, "EXCEPT AS DIRECTED BY...OTHER PROFESSIONALLY ACCEPTED PRACTICES".
practices such as dumping 'downed' animals perhaps
this is just the tip of the iceburg. the law also allows as i state before, that mutations (ear clipping, tail docking, de-beaking of birds, castration etc) can be performed without anaesthetic, and much much more of the same nonsense. these are the best regulations in the world.